Epidemiology of AIDS-Defi ning Malignancies
نویسندگان
چکیده
R. Yarchoan (ed.), Cancers in People with HIV and AIDS: Progress and Challenges, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-0859-2_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract AIDS-defi ning malignancies are a subset of HIV-associated malignancies that include Kaposi sarcoma, some forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and invasive cervical cancer (see also Chap. 3 ). Kaposi sarcoma along with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was among the fi rst diseases that comprised the original surveillance defi nition of AIDS in the USA. Subsequently NHL (1985) and invasive cervical cancer were added (CDC 1992). Compared to non-AIDS-defi ning malignancies, Kaposi sarcoma and NHL demonstrated the highest incidence in the early AIDS epidemic. As shown in the fi rst fi gure of this chapter, with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996, the incidence patterns of these cancers with the exception of cervical cancer dropped signifi cantly. It is hypothesized that HAART restores immune function and delays progression to AIDS. However, even with improved clinical outcomes, HAART has not eliminated the risk of AIDS-defi ning malignancies. HIV-positive persons still remain at a substantially increased risk of developing these cancers as compared to the general population and AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related cancers combined are the most frequent underlying causes of death in AIDS in the USA.
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